Potenţialul comunicativ-intenţional al indicilor de comunicare nesegmentali în structurile dialogate: discursul ucraineano-român / The Communicative-Intentional Potential of Nonsegmental Markers in Dialogue Structures: the Ukrainian-Romanian Discoure

Abstract: The article presents the analysis of non-chunked communication (affirmative, negational, interrogative, directive, emotional, evaluative and metacommunication) that express a wide range of communicative intentions in Ukrainian-Romanian discourse, namely intentions of affirmation and negation, intentions of request and motivation, emotional and evaluative and metacommunicative intentions. The article also states that these constructions possess a distinct pragmatic nature, since they set the required tone of the dialogue, stimulate and focus the interlocutors’ attention, establish verbal contact between speakers and the act as a component of a successful communication comprising a natural part of verbal communication of both Ukrainians and Romanians.

Keywords: communicative intention, speaker, non-chunked communication, affirmative-negationalinterrogative-directive-emotional-evaluative communication, metacommunication, Ukrainian-Romanian discourse.

Mărci discursive metatextuale în limbile italiană şi romană / Metatextual Discursive Markers in Italian and Romanian

Abstract: In colloquial language, especially in spontaneous conversation, participants use specific linguistic elements, called discursive markers, which serve important functions at the level of discourse. Discursive signs are elements which, emptied of their basic meaning (they belong to different grammatical categories), gained additional values that enrich the structural organization of discourse, linking the constituent elements of a sentence, between sentences, helping to explain the position of the statement in an interpersonal dimension, highlighting the interactive structure of the conversation.

Our article will analyze discursive markers at metatextual level, namely: demarcatori, focalizatori and reformulation indicators with examples from everyday conversation in both Romance languages: Italian and Romanian.

Keywords: brand, speech, signal, verbal interaction.

Mărci frazeologice ale tradiţiei culturale româneşti / Phraseological Markers of the Romanian Cultural Tradition

Abstract: Our paper aims to emphasize the way phraseologisms – linguistic facts endowed with semantic and expressive density – have marked the cultural tradition of the Romanian language. We have analyzed the idioms, the proverbs, the locutions referring to the rites of passage (birth, marriage, death) and highlighted the advantages of their investigation and their importance in the process of transmission and value adding which contribute to configure the identity of the Romanian culture.

Keywords: phraseologisms, idioms, proverbs, locutions.

Metatextul aparatului critic în stilul biblic-religios. Identitate, geneză, funcţie / The Metatext of the Critical Framework of Biblical and Religious Writings. Identity, Genesis and Function

Abstract: This paper focuses on Bible cross references as a metatext. The inductive description of their binary identity led us to a clearer distinction between text as a pragmaticsyntactic unit and metatext. Our excursus on their genesis and function zoomed in on one of the principles of Biblical hermeneutics, called the principle of analogy. The aspects of simplicity, exhaustivity, and non-contradiction [Hjelmslev 1943: 13] of the Scriptures are also inherently implied in the overall discussion of this hermeneutical principle.

Keywords: text, metatext, Biblical hermeneutics, principle of analogy, clarity.

La construction des définitions dans le discours scientifique / The Construction of Definitions in the Scientific Discourse

Abstract: This article aims to show a few discursive elements of definitions in scientific discourse, a different approach to some scientific terms. Our interest will be focused on the construction of nominal and adjectival forms in order to notice the presence of objective and subjective marks, the logic of the metalinguistic approach, the realization of the argumentation and the personal achievement in these types of discourse, even in scientific fields.

Keywords: scientific discourse, objective marks, subjective marks, metalinguistic approach.

Discursul manualului şcolar / Textbooks as Discourse

Abstract: The didactic discourse is the result of the coexistence of several didactic discourses (specialised, scientific, literary, and popularising) and expresses its didacticism through its pedagogical dimension. The textbook is another type of didactic discourse, a text – discourse where all the discursive-textual types are met: narration, description, dialogue, conversation, predictive, injunctive, argumentative, explicative. Considered as super-enounced textdiscourse, the textbook is a hybrid discourse as it bases its functioning on all forms of discursive genres, reflected in: scientific discourse of a subject, specialised discourse of pedagogical sciences, literary discourse of artistic texts, non-literary discourse, journalistic discourse, daily discourse. Beyond its role of social instrument, the textbook is the support material for cognitive and axiological contents. As text-discourse, the textbook has a binary structure: from structural (textual) point of view the textbook consists of a macrostructure (general aspect, exterior of the textbook) that contains the sum of all microstructures (sequence within the macrostructure, learning unit or lesson). These textual units do not appear separate, but related by signifying ties which offer coherence and cohesion to the text.

Keywords: didactic discourse, textbook, text-discourse, structure, signifying ties.

Interpretaciones del discurso actual en España: la dinámica del género gramatical de los nombres de persona / Interpretations of the Contemporary Discourse in Spain: the Dynamics of the Grammatical Gender in Personal Names

Abstract: The interaction between gender and language is constantly subjected to changes caused by successive transformations and innovations that occur in our society. Various social and political contexts will inevitably lead to new ways of communicating and understanding language. According to this dynamic, the same discourse might be interpreted in different ways according to the point of view of the person analyzing it and their inclusion within a certain social group. In the context of the highly debatable use of feminine gendered nouns in professional settings, it is particularly interesting to investigate how different categories of native Spanish speakers view and evaluate real, authentic samples of gendered discourse. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the way in which these speakers formulate their personal opinions regarding the correct formal and informal use of gendered language, their preferred manner of creating the feminine of occupational nouns from a morphological point of view, and the extent to which they accept the use of generic masculine words.

Keywords: gender, language, discourse, morphology, context.

Dialogismul în Psalmul 138 (139) . Analiză comparativă, româno-germană, pe patru versiuni de traducere / The Dialogic Discourse of Psalm 138 (139). A Comparative Analysis of Four Romanian and German Translations

Abstract: The individual lament psalms have a distinct place in the Book of Psalms’ economy, through their tone and structure. As prayers born from deep sorrow, from a wandering off from the Path and a “fading of soul”, the wail psalms differentiate themselves from other psalm categories, on the one hand, through tone. Born from the thirst for God, the wail and the repentance represent not only a state of penitence, but also a secret process of re-cognition, assumption, return, re-finding, at the end of which lies the metanoia and the light from which joy, reconciliation, trust and contentment emerge. As for the structure, these psalms comprise the introduction, the main body or the psalm body and the conclusion. By analyzing the Book of Psalms, one can notice that some lament psalms follow this constituent layout, while in others there are either deviations or new elements. The objective of the present paper is to analyze, comparatively, in Romanian and German, the way in which a lament psalm’s dialogism is highlighted (whose structure derives from the core structure). Furthermore, it is intended to observe the way(s) in which the dialogic relations in different translations of the psalms have been represented, both in Romanian and in German.

Keywords: religious discourse, dialogism, derivative form, receiver, sender.

La langue Française à Lubumbashi: critique et perspective / French Language at Lumumbashi: Cristics and Perspectives

Abstract: This article represents our reflection on the French language in the city of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where we discuss how this language is perceived and spoken as an official language alongside four national languages (Swahili, Lingala Ciluba, Kikongo).The decade of political facts is a time to observe the change in French, which is very noticeable variation in the levels of lexical creativity, this lexical creativity is dominated by political ideologies that characterized daily life and aspirations of the Congolese population or Lubumbashi. This study shows that there is no unitary language: any language undergoes diversification under the influence of functional, geographic, chronological, and socio-professionals.

Keywords: language, French, variation, lexical perspective.

Casos de cambios fonéticos en el español actual / Cases of Phonetic Changes in Contemporary Spanish

Abstract: In the context of language evolution, like all the other languages, Spanish has been experiencing processes of simplification. These can be representative examples in morphology, syntax, lexicology, but they are mostly visible in phonetics and phonology, namely at the level of pronunciation. Linguistic changes have triggered among linguists the discussion on the importance of the standardized pronunciation both in communication and in teaching and learning Spanish, due to the clash between the phonological features of standard Spanish and those of the other varieties spoken in Spain. In the last years, the pronunciation of Spanish speakers has been subject to all sorts of changes, irrespective of age, gender, level of education or dialectal origin. Whether these changes are caused by the natural tendency of simplification of languages or by the interaction between different dialectal areas remains a question of interest. The present work presents examples of such changes at the level of pronunciation in the speech of native Spanish speakers from Spain.

Keywords: simplification, phonetics, pronunciation, changes, speech.

Variaţie lingvistică în traducerile româneşti ale textelor Hertei Müller / Linguistic Variation in the Translations of Herta Müller’s Texts

Abstract: The translation of the author’s texts involves a specific and rich linguistic mixture. The formal transfers into Romanian language, the rearrangement of the translated narrative discourse taking into consideration the literary codes and practice in our culture offers her works a local aspect. The adaptation or translation proves to be a translation means adopted for the narrative discourse. It varied in number from stylistic changes to an entire transformation of the narration, justified by the skopos.

The Romanian rendition of Herta Müller’s narrative discourse makes the translated text function as an equivalent in the Romanian literary plurisystem, thus demonstrating that translation must not be regarded as an act of assimilation, but as an acknowledgement of diffrences, particularly interlinguistic and partially intercultural, taking into consideration the fact that there is no major difference between the source culture and the target culture. The exact translation of the source text would sometimes have required some erroneous versions, such as the folkloric lyrics seen in this way by the German writer who lived in Romania. The Romanian translation was donetaking into account not only the principle of language acceptance as language idioms, thus orienting the text towards the target reader.

Keywords: linguistic variation, Herta Müller, German, Romanian.

Valori temporal-aspectuale ale imperfectului în română şi italiană / Temporal and Aspectual Values of the Romanian Imperfect and the Italian Imperfetto

Abstract: In Romanian and Italian specialized literature, the imperfect is regarded as a relative tense that usually expresses simultaneity in the past, but can also express anteriority or futurity in the past. Its specific aspectual values (imperfect and iterative) oppose it to the other past tenses that express perfect and non-iterative values. A difference between Romanian and Italian consists in the fact that, in the indirect speech, Italian converts the present tense of the direct speech into imperfect tense, according to the temporal sequence rules; in Romanian language, during the transposition from direct speech to the indirect speech do not occur modifications of the verbal mood or tense, but only at the level of the grammatical category of person. This paper proposes a corpus research, which comprises fragments of Alessandro Manzoni’s novel, “I Promessi Spossi”, and the Romanian translation, “Logodnicii”, realized by Alexandru Balaci. The study will take into consideration the way in which the imperfect tense is translated, from the source text to Romanian language.

Keywords: temporal and aspectual values, basic features, contextual features, corespondences betwen Romanian and Italian imperfect.

The Perfect and Semantics of Perfectivity in Latin / The Perfect and Semantics of Perfectivity in Latin

Abstract: From a semantic point of view, perfectivity is realized in Latin as a complex of meanings combined around the notion of limit, but different in their nature. The particular meanings of limitativity, inceptivity, completivity and punctuality are distinguished. The realization of each of them is closely related to actional semantics of predicates as well as to the context. The analysis of correlation between the particular meaning of perfectivity and actionality (resp. context) in Latin is the question under research in this article.

Keywords: Latin language, perfectivity, Perfect tense, actionality, semantics.