Gli stereotipi identitari nella drammaturgia di Eduardo de Filippo

Abstract: In everyday speech, stereotypes may often be charged with rather a negative connotation. In his drama, Eduardo De Filippo, a name that stands for the quintessential Naples character, makes vivid use of all sorts of stereotypes (linguistic, behavioral, religious a. s. o.) specific for his fellow-country people – not in order to highlight any inferior or comic aspects of a civilization, but on the contrary, in order to justify his characters and place them in a particularly consistent context.

Luca Cupiello’s obsession with the Christmas manger; the entire community’s reluctance to touch the dead (be they even fake!) in the play Napoli milionaria; or the prevalent confidence in the capability of the dead to disclose winning lottery numbers in the play Non ti pago!; the consecration of such domestic rituals as the morning coffee a. s. o. – may serve as only a few of the illustrations of cultural stereotyping endowed with a positive significance in De Filippo’s drama. Never meaning to transform stereotypes into models, or even into exemplary patterns, De Filippo actually makes up a genuine catalog of repetitive behavior instances – defining for the natives of Naples.

Keywords: Eduardo De Filippo, Napoli, drama, anthropology, identity.

Ion Negoiţescu, dincolo de estetic

Abstract: A fragment from an extensive research that concerns the relationship between the criticism of I. Negoiţescu, a refined aesthete, and Ion Agârbiceanu’s prose, asocialand ethically engaged prose, this study aims to argue how, an a dept of the aesthetic autonomy and of the need to synchronize the Romanian culture with the European values, just like E. Lovinescu,his magister., I. Negoiţescu exceeds Lovinescu’s approach, by constructing his own aesthetic. Therefore, we take into consideration Negoiţescu’s early confessions, when he adhered to the Iron Guard, his ideas expressed in the Sibiu Literary Circle Manifesto, his own confession in favor of Lovinescu, as well as the way in which he is perceived by the Romanian literary criticism. Overall, it is argued Negoiţescu’s option for exceeding the aesthetics in favor of supra-individual values. Among the arguments, we also invoke here his opinions and those of his
colleagues from the Sibiu Literary Circle about I.L. Caragiale.

Keywords: I. Negoiţescu, aesthetic autonomy, Sibiu Literary Circle, I.L. Caragiale.

Studiu de caz. Un tip de stereotipie în actul traducerii

Abstract: The article is carefully focused on a strategy of translation constantly used by Ioan Piauriu Molnar in the Romanian version of Claude François Xavier Millot’s work, Eléments d’histoire générale ancienne et moderne. It is about interpolation, which explains (by synonyms or paraphrases) the numerous neologisms introduced in the text.

Keywords: translation, strategy, interpolation, explanation, neologism.

Eminescu şi clişeele lingvistice

Abstract: Submitted to a critical review, the notion of linguistic cliché reveals an insufficient determination of its content. Moreover, cliché is a rather subjective term which encompasses different fixed constructions repeatedly employed in various communicative situations. If we are to consider the constant negative undertones of clichés, we might assume that such linguistic constructions are unattestable in the works of great poets such as Mihai Eminescu. Hence, there is an inevitable incompatibility between the value of a text (especially literary texts) and the presence of clichés in the economy of such texts. In reality, things are fundamentally different because linguistic clichés are not only a necessary condition for the functioning of any language, but also a means of making texts more distinguishable. The negative undertones of clichés reside either in their incongruity to the structures of an ideal language or in their capacity of representing ideatic requisites of specific historical moments.

Keywords: linguistic cliché, fixed construction, repeatability, norm.

Stereotipi linguistici nel parlato dei romeni in Italia

Abstract: The linguistic stereotypes refer to those linguistic constructions that occur in a speech depending on the degree to which a certain language can influence another. In our survey we intend to analyze the spoken Italian language by the Romanians who live in Italy and find themselves right at the beginning of learning the new language when alterations may appear due to the influence of the Romanian language. An important role in speaking a foreign language in a correct manner is the correct equivalent of the message that someone would like to transmit from one language to another.

Keywords: influence, linguistic alteration, equivalence, parallelism, romance language.

Stereotipii în basmele populare din literatura română şi spaniolă

Abstract: The present paper does not pretend to be a history of the fairy-tales, but to underline those aspects that are considered to be stereotypes, focusing mainly on those discursive formulas that are common both in Romanian and Spanish texts that have their origin far back in folk literature and oral traditions.

Keywords: stereotypes, fairy-tale, discursive formula, fiction, pattern.

Discursul feminin între autenticitate şi stereotipie – Magda Cârneci, FEM

Abstract: A poet of the postmodernist group of the 80s, Magda Cârneci has published in 2011 her first novel, FEM, an “autofiction” – as she labels it – which confesses experiences and moods of growing femininity. Through its visionary and imagistic elements, the novel is very much indebted to the doubovskian autofictional pattern and request a reading closely related to a spiritual biography designed by the recurrent symbols, obsessive images and poetic discourse. Its adherence to the autofictional rhetoric sustain the authenticity project through biographical identifications which patterns a dynamic identity symbolically mapped through the constants of the feminine writing: corporeality, exploration of sexuality, fracture of the self. On the other hand, these constants tend to turn the discourse into a stereotype of the feminine writing. From this point of view, the present study aims at analyzing the dynamic between the authentic expression of the feminine nature and the social, cultural and linguistic stereotypes.

Keywords: feminine writing, discourse, autofiction, stereotypy, femininity.

Stereotipurile lingvistice din textele administrative ale instituţiilor Uniunii Europene de la Bruxelles

Abstract: Emerged after the political and economic centralization of states within the EU, Brussels language is a variant of the old language used in the communist period, developed in the administrative field, but non persuasive and not manipulated, but direct and corrective to the national policies. Brussels language corresponds to a supranational transmitter and to a national – institutional receptor, constituting a formula of vertical communication, expressed generally by linguistic stereotypes. The analysis of the texts from the present study shows that in the current state of the Romanian language, the notion of language Brussels is only a conjectural label of the language without being subject to the rules of language in order to fit.

Keywords: centralization, Brussels language, vertical communication.

Structuri constitutive (stereotipe?) în psalmi. Analiză a psalmilor de tânguire individuali (1-75)

Abstract: As prayers born from deep sorrow, from a wandering off from the Path and a “fading of soul”, the wail psalms differentiate themselves from other psalm categories, on the one hand, through tone. Born from the thirst for God, the wail and the repentance represent not only a state of penitence, but also a secret process of recognition, assumption, return, re-finding, at the end of which lies the metanoia and the light from which joy, reconciliation, trust and contentment emerge. On the other hand, the wail psalms have a different structure as compared to other psalms. The present scientific paper aims to identify to what extent the constituent structure of the wail psalms has recurrent items. Furthermore, it aims to analyse the way in which the structure of one wail psalm is similar to others of the same kind, and whether this feature becomes (or not) a stereotypical trait for the psalms under analysis.

Keywords: psalms, wail, constituent structure, stereotypical trait, recurrent item.

Clişeul lingvistic: profilul unui concept transdisciplinar

Abstract: The acute reliance on clichés reflects on the one hand a general and inevitable but intrinsec feature of language, inscribed in its “genetic code”. On the other hand, from the perspective of social psychology, it reflects a broader phenomenon that marks the human mind, in order to simplify the complex set of stimuli from the environment. Apparently, linguistic clichés arise adverse reactions, especially from stylistics’, being disqualified and strongly perceived as a deviation from the aesthetic imperatives promoted under the auspices of the Romanticism: the cult of individual creative expression, the obstinate rejection of banality associated with topoï. However, this paper aims to outline the main directions by which sociology and other related disciplines reevaluate the status of clichés as vital structures in the coagulation of modern society which is being fractured and atomised.

The complexity of this linguistic phenomenon is visible in the polymorphous nature of the concept, able to enter into relationship of partial synonymy with a number of related terms (stereotype, poncif, template, verbal automatism, topoi, matrix, pattern, repeated discourse). In the context of this conceptual nebulosity, it is required to rethink the fuzzy boundaries and relationship between these frequently used concepts within current linguitic studies and perhaps, even refine the theory of cliché from the new perspectives of social psychology, psychology, sociology of mass communication. Consequently, in order to have a coherent overview on the phenomenon, our investigation aims at outlining the interdisciplinary theoretical horizon necessary for the radiography of the linguistic cliché by corroborating the main linguistic approaches, especially from the Francophone space (Ruth Amossy, Herscberg Pierrot, Henri Quéré, Riffaterre) and Anglophone space (Ryan Stark, Gary Olson) with sociology and social psychology’s perspectives (Anton Zijderveld, Gabriel Tarde).

Keywords: theory of cliché, stereotype, social psychology, polymorphous concept, fuzzy boundaries.

Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

Résumé: Salué pour «avoir inventée un mythe, Pamela Lyndon Travers refusa humblement d’assumer les mérites de la « naissance» de Mary Poppins. Bien que d’accord avec la prémisse de C. S. Lewis déclarant qu’«il y a un seul créateur et nous mélangeons simplement les éléments qu’il nous donne», l’auteur née en Australie affirme que son protagoniste vient de venir à elle comme partie de la sagesse antique héritée des dieux qui coule dans le sang humain.

En divers articles réunis sous le titre «Ce que l’abeille sait. Réflexions sur mythe, symbole et histoire», Pamela invoque les concepts du «chaudron» celte, de la «rêverie» australienne ou des connaissances secrètes des druides comme source d’inspiration, en admettant avoir emprunté librement des histoires de la tradition universelle et réarrangé leurs événements pour correspondre à la « nécessité intérieure des choses.»

Selon son point de vue, le fait que les mêmes histoires surgissent ailleurs dans le monde témoigne du fait que le grain se trouve dans l’homme même, le navire à travers lequel le mythe se donne de la force. L’homme peut « seulement se connecter », mais ne jamais réellement créer ou inventer.

Mots-Clé: le « chaudron » celte, le sang, emprunt, « seulement connecter, » shamanisme.