Limbă, cultură, mentalitate: politici financiare reflectate în frazeologia românească / Language, Culture and Mentality: Financial Policies Reflected in Romanian Phrases

Abstract: The ways of managing property right during different historical periods is reflected in the economic, political and legal mentality of each people. That fact found its expression in historical languages as well. The present paper investigates the stable constructions, i.e. language facts which passed the test of time, thus displaying themselves as a record of the mental changes concerning the acquisition and alienation of goods.

Keywords: language, mentality, finances, property, phraseology.

La voce degli scrittori e la Prima Guerra Mondiale / The Voice of Writers and the First World War

Abstract: Focused on the memory of people, places and things, on the language and its situation 100 years ago, on literature as a repository of the memory of these events, the tragic experience of the Great War left a profound mark in the literary production of all the countries involved, also because many were the poets and writers who participated in first person as soldiers. The trenches were also a melting pot of immense feelings and emotions. Pain, suffering and death mix with each other as excipients, giving voice to the oppressed souls. Among these stands out for literary involvement and poetic skills the Romanian writer Hortensia Papadat Bengescu and the Italian writer Giuseppe Ungaretti.

Keywords: existential desolation, man’s fragility, attachment to life, courage to live.

Aspecte privind elementele introductive ale discursului raportat în presa anului 1918 / Several Considerations on the Introductory Elements of Reported Speech in the 1918 Press

Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the means of reporting speech used in written Romanian press in 1918, when Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina were reunited with the Romanian Kingdom, in The Great Union event, with special attention to the group of verbs or phrases designating the speech (verba dicendi), oral or thought. We are interested in what kind of verbs were selected for reporting direct or indirect speech, the position of the verbs towards the reported speech, and the effect towards the reader.

Keywords: communication; direct vs indirect speech; journalistic; reported speech; (written) press; saying verb; verba dicendi.

Valoarea eufemistică a unor structuri fixe cu nume proprii / The Euphemistic Value of Fixed Structures with Proper Nouns

Abstract: Thorough study of fixed structures with proper names from a semantic perspective could help us understand the way people relate to different situations in their lives and how they influence, by language, the other participants of communication. They have at their disposal / have access to several styles of speech (standard, literary, colloquial, traditional etc.). In certain contexts, speakers could add a touch of euphemism, since phraseological units – including those that denote unpleasant aspects of human existence – as complex linguistic units, have penetrated into all areas of activity, reflecting certain attitudes. Taboo represents the main source of euphemistic expression.

Keywords: euphemism, phraseological unit, proper name, taboo.

Pădurea spânzuraţilor – Multiculturalismul unui spaţiu literar traumatizant / The Forest of the Hanged: the Multiculturalism of a Literary Traumatic Space

Abstract: The present paper proposes the achievement of a theoretical construct, analyzing some of the most defining aspects, such as: multiculturalism, interculturality, identity, alterity, fiction, testimony, document, myth of national consciousness. This article has, at least, two main aims: on the one hand, it is a retrospective research and aesthetic recovery of a traumatic time, The First World War, and also of a tragical space, Transilvania, regarding a reference novel of the genre: Forest of the Hanged by romanian writer, Liviu Rebreanu, and, on the other hand, the reavelig of some critical concepts able to emphasize the need for an updated approach for a way to understanding the reporting of contemporary man to a tragic period and to a cosmopolitan space belonging to the Habsburg Empire. This area of complementarity, plurality and difference, in which the ultimate ethnic conflict of the old world, of Europe s different nations, reached in the modern age in the reigning moments of their redefinition, will find, in Forest of the Hanged a very rich and diverse mythological substrate.

Keywords: multiculturalism, interculturality, identity, alterity, novel, myth.

Dinamica discursului literar reconstructiv sau Puterea, poeţii şi „Colocviul naţional de poezie (Iaşi, 1978)” / The Dynamics of the Reconstructive Literary Discourse or The Power, the Poets and the National Poetry Colloquium (Iaşi, 1978)

Abstract: The National Poetry Colloquium at the Vasile Alecsandri National Theater in Iaşi (October 18-20, 1978) remained a memorable literary event, especially because there, the resistance through culture, about which we speak and write in various ways today, has received its identity card in the sight and in the hearing of all. Today’s reader who learns about the National Poetry Colloquium in Iaşi, properly wonders about what Ştefan Augustin Doinaş and Dorin Tudoran said there at that moment since their speeches brought to light the scoundrels of the Romanian culture, thus it was considered necessary that these ones, besides others, should be followed, using the specific means of Ceauşescu’s State Security Department. What we set ourselves to do through The dynamics of the reconstructive literary discourse or The Power, the poets and the “National Poetry Colloquium (Iaşi, 1978)” is to get back the historical literary truth from what we have got at hand. After having talked about The National Poetry Colloquium in Iaşi in his Poezia este sau nu este, interview given to Valeriu Stancu for “Opinia Studenţească” (no. 7-8/1978), Dorin Tudoran would write Cizmare, nu mai sus de sanda! (“România literară”, May 21, 1997), starting from what he discovered in Cartea Albă a Securităţii. Istorii literare şi artistice (1969-1989), on this topic: The National Poetry Colloquium in 1978. The persistence of the distorted image of The National Poetry Colloquium in Iaşi is a reality that cannot be corrected from a simple reason: Doinaş’s indictment and Dorin Tudoran’s pamphlet are not entirely accessible to us. He who reads the notes and reports in Cartea Albă a Securităţii. Istorii literare şi artistice (1969-1989) and in Eu, fiul lor. Dosar de Securitate on The National Poetry Colloquium in Iaşi, will notice that everyone was talking about the equivalence between Adrian Păunescu and the imaginary Necesias and Lychesias, but the officers and the informers did not dare say a word about the equivalence between the shoemaker Apelles and Ceauşescu, all of them sneaking behind the formula “serious political interpretations”. Publishing Cazul Doinaş (“Apostrof”, no. 2/2014), Gelu Ionescu, an eyewitness to The National Poetry Colloquium (1978), was to evoke the figure of Doinaş who shuffled the audience through the assumption of his paper. Having written Elegiile unui pamfletar, the preface to the volume România ca părere (2015), Sorin Antohi, another eyewitness, was to evoke the figure of the seditious Dorin Tudoran.

Keywords: literature, colloquium, subversion, Security, totalitarianism.

Metoda performanţelor diferenţiate – un alt fel de discurs didactic / The Differentiated Performance Method as a New Type of Didactic Discourse

Abstract: The article describes an innovative didactic strategy, the differentiated performance method, analyzed from a discursive perspective, with emphasis on the formation and development of communication skills in pupils of primary classes. The article analyzes the communicative model having as its starting point the act of communication which includes the concrete conditions for its production, exemplified by the following functional categories: pragmatic approaches of communication situations, language functions and communication competence, semiotic process, syntactic axis of language, linguistic production and conditions.

Through these categories, the two approaches to communication (communication as a process by which A sends a message to B, a message that has an effect on it and communication as negotiation and change of meaning) not only does it interact but it also interferes. It also analyzes the issue of a differentiated didactic approach to communication by integrating the concept of differentiated instruction in communication, which is for all categories of educators, regardless of the intellectual potential and the level of knowledge they possess, transmission of cognitive experiences in view of the production of meaning and the realization of the understanding process.

Keywords: didactic speech, method, communication skills.

Dimension narratologique du théâtre des « exilés du langage » / The Narratological Dimension of the Theater of “Language Exiles”

Abstract: This paper is based on Genette’s concepts [Figures. III, 1972] and on the distinction he makes between “history”, succession of events, “narrative”, narrative statement, oral speech or writing that assumes the relationship of an event or series of events and “narration”, the act of narration. The narrative mode will be treated from theatrical works that, according to Jean-Pierre Ryngaert [2008: 10-11], appear as “imitating action, thus showing actions intended to be performed on the stage by actors”. Even more, we retain from Charaudeau and Maingueneau that “Narration (act of narrating) must be reintegrated into the broader linguistic phenomenon of enunciation (here narrative) and facts of enunciative polyphony”. [2002: 485] Applied to dramatic writing today, her ideas confront new forms of theater, such as stage writing and neo-dramatic drama, both of which profoundly question theatrical performance strategies and speaking strategies. These aspects interest us and will be treated on a corpus formed by works of “exiles of the language” (Anne Rosine Delbart, title of a study dedicated to the writers of French expression, published in 2005). The theme of the war, treated here, is in a form that recalls either its general meaning (conflict situation, with or without armed struggle) – Arezki Mellal (The Black Star) or the actual fight in the name of a cause – Darina Al Joundi (My Marseillaise). The aim is to observe how the traditional structure of theatrical writing decomposes to be recomposed in alternations of narration, dialogue, repetition, description, and how the action is born from the subtle combination of this amalgam.

Keywords: theater, narration/story, text/speech, theatrical/narrative.

Dimensiunea evaluativă a discursului critic / The Evaluative Dimension of Critical Discourse

Abstract: The aim of this paper, The evaluative dimension of the critical discourse, is to demonstrate the evaluative dimension of critical discourse in book reviews and to establish a classification of the values invoked by the reviewer. Moreover, our analysis will identify different types of evaluation and the influence of the discourse structure on the evaluation process. The main theoretical references and models of analysis that we use are the study of Monika Bednarek, Evaluation in context (2006), the research J. R. Martin and P. R. White, The language of evaluation. Appraisal in English (2005), and Evaluation in context, a study published in 2014 and edited by Geoff Thompson and Laura Alba-Juez.

The corpus our analysis is based on consists of 100 book reviews written in the Romanian cultural space by the Romanian reviewers. The book reviews were published during July 2016- December 2017 on the 11 of the most famous Romanian cultural journalʼs websites: “Astra”, “Convorbiri literare”, “Dilema  Veche”, “Echinox”, “Observator cultural”, “Orizont”, “Ramuri”, “România literară”, “Suplimentul de cultură”, “Tribuna” and “Vatra”.

Keywords: critical discourse, book review, evaluation, values, structure.